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AXN Performa D

1. Input parameters

machine pitch

D.p 750 mm * :

machine stiffness

R.m 0.17 mm * 1000101^* N * / (1 -^: N mm / 58823.5294

compression roller diameter

D.c 240 mm * :

number of punches

z.p 53 :

number of layers (single/double layer)

z.l 2 :

max. compression force, initial value

F.c_max 90 kN * :

σ.c 0.2 :

F.c_ini σ.c F.c_max * : kN 18

max. compression roller stroke, initial value

x.c_max 3.5 mm * :

x.c_ini 1 σ.c - (x.c_max * : mm 2.8

compression efficiency

η.c 0.7 :

tabletting speed

Q.m 4950 min 1 -^* :

Q.m_max 0 :

n.m Q.m z.p z.l * / : min 1 -^46.6981

total reduction

i.tot 33 :

clutch reduction

i.c 21 :

belt reduction

i.b 1 :

steel density

ρ 7850 kg m 3^/ * :

external diameter of turret guides

D.ext_m 675 mm * :

die length

L.die 90 mm * :

moment of inertia of die

J.die 12 / π * L.die * ρ * D.ext_m 2 / (4^* : 14.3988 kg * m 2^*

2. Calculations

2.1 Dynamics

linear speed

v.lin D.p 2 / 2 π * n.m * (* : m min / 110.0298

v.lin_max 220 m min / * :

n.max v.lin_max π D.p * / : min 1 -^93.3709

centrifugal acceleration

a D.p 2 / 2 π * n.m * (2^* : 8.9678 m s 2^/ *

distance & time between punches

L.bp π D.p * z.p / : mm 44.4565

t.bp L.bp v.lin / : ms 24.2424

2.2 Compression model

assume symmetric lower & upper punch penetration -> total compression stroke = 2x compression roller stroke

F a 2 x * (n^* ≡ F.2 F.1 - a 2 x.2 * (n^2 x.1 * (n^- (* ≡ F.2 F.1 / 10 log n x.2 x.1 / 10 log * ≡ F.c_max F.c_ini / 10 log n x.c_max x.c_ini / 10 log * ≡ 41 line

n F.c_max F.c_ini / 10 log x.c_max x.c_ini / 10 log / : 7.2126

a F.c_max N / (2 x.c_max * mm / (n^/ : 0.0723

compression force

x F.c a 2 x mm / * (n^* N * :

x.c_max F.c kN 90

powder compression energy ("D")

x U.x x F.c x int ≡ x U.x a 2 x * (n^* 2 x * (int ≡ x U.x a n 1 + / 2 x mm / * (n 1 +^* 103 -^* J * : 31 line

x.c_max U.x 76.7117 J *

elastic machine deformation (strain) energy only deformation impact on machine by upper punch, hence factor 0.5

x U.m 12 / x F.c R.m / (* x F.c * :

x.c_max U.m 68.85 J *

total compression energy ("I")

x U.tot x U.x x U.m + :

x.c_max U.tot 145.5617 J *

x.test 2.8 mm * :

real stroke to be done, incl. machine deformation ("K", has to be zero for x=3.5mm)

x K x.c_max F.c_max 2 R.m * / + (x x F.c 2 R.m * / + (- :

0 mm * K mm 4.265

3.5 mm * K mm 0

x.test K mm 1.312

horizontal stroke ("L")

x x.c_hor D.c 2 / (2^D.c 2 / x K - (2^- sqrt :

x.test x.c_hor mm 17.6963

x.c_max x.c_hor 0

contact angle ("M")

x α.c D.c 2 / x K - D.c 2 / / acos :

x.test α.c deg 8.4803

horizontal force ("O") force present on lower and upper compression roller, acting in same direction -> factor 2

x F.c_hor x F.c x α.c tan * 2 * :

x.test F.c_hor 5367.5723 N *

instant normal force ("P")

x F.c_n x F.c x α.c cos / :

x.c_max F.c_n 90000 N *

x.test F.c_n 18198.9755 N *

instant horizontal power

x P.c_hor x F.c_hor v.lin * :

x.test P.c_hor 9843.2183 W *

x mm * F.c x mm * P.c_hor

actual compression power (based on time between 2 punches)

P.c_actual z.l x.c_max U.tot * t.bp η.c * / : 17155.4859 W *

average compression power (based on time for one downward punch movement)

P.c_avg z.l x.c_max U.tot * 0 x.c_hor v.lin / (η.c * / : 24052.8609 W *

max. compression power

3.29 mm * P.c_hor 19059.3474 W *

3.29 mm * x.c_max 100 / + P.c_hor 18933.2328 W *

x f x mm * P.c_hor W / (x diff :

2 f #

x f

x f x 34 solve #

extr 4 mm * :

k 0 : k x.c_max mm / > k k x.c_max 100 mm * / + : k mm * P.c_hor extr > extr k mm * P.c_hor : extr 3 : if 11 line for

extr 0.004 m *