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      <header alignment="Center" color="#a9a9a9">&amp;[DATE] &amp;[TIME] - &amp;[FILENAME]</header>
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    <text lang="eng">
      <p bold="true">Complex Numbers</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p bold="true">Komplexe Zahlen</p>
    </text>
  </region>
  <region id="1" left="9" top="54" width="645" height="40" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <text lang="eng">
      <p>Complex numbers are represented using the imaginary unit i. This is anordinary variable name, pre-defined as square root of -1.</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p>Zur Darstellung komplexer Zahlen wird die imaginäre Einheit i verwendet.Das ist ein gewöhnlicher Bezeichner, der mit der Wurzel aus -1 vorbelegt ist.</p>
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      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.1</e>
        <e type="operand">3</e>
        <e type="operand">1</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
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        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
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    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.1</e>
      </input>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">3</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
      </result>
    </math>
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  <region id="4" left="18" top="144" width="101" height="32" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.2</e>
        <e type="operand">3</e>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">s</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
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  <region id="5" left="126" top="144" width="62" height="32" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math error="74">
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.2</e>
      </input>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">#</e>
      </result>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="6" left="243" top="144" width="402" height="40" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <text lang="eng">
      <p>Units of real and imaginary part must match.</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p>Die Einheiten von Real- und Imaginärteil müssen übereinstimmen.</p>
    </text>
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  <region id="7" left="18" top="180" width="101" height="32" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.3</e>
        <e type="operand">3</e>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
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    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.3</e>
      </input>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">3</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
        <e type="bracket">(</e>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
      </result>
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    <text lang="eng">
      <p>Some of the functions for complex numbers don't work with units.</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p>Viele Funktionen für komplexe Zahlen funktionieren nicht mit Maßeinheiten.</p>
    </text>
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  <region id="10" left="324" top="243" width="296" height="72" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <text lang="eng">
      <p>The absolute value function is input as abs() or choosen fromthe Arithmetics palette of theside panel.</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p>Die Betragsfunktion wird als abs() eingegeben oder aus der Arithmetik-Palette der Seitenleiste gewählt.</p>
    </text>
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      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.1</e>
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        <e type="operand">i</e>
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        <e type="operand">i</e>
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        <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
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        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Re</e>
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    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.1</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Im</e>
      </input>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">1</e>
      </result>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="17" left="189" top="324" width="90" height="34" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math error="79">
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.3</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Im</e>
      </input>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">#</e>
      </result>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="18" left="18" top="360" width="151" height="34" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.1</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">arg</e>
      </input>
      <contract>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">°</e>
      </contract>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">18.4349</e>
      </result>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="19" left="189" top="360" width="101" height="34" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math error="79">
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.3</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">arg</e>
      </input>
      <contract>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">°</e>
      </contract>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">#</e>
      </result>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="20" left="18" top="396" width="109" height="34" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.1</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">abs</e>
      </input>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">3.1623</e>
      </result>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="21" left="189" top="396" width="123" height="34" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.3</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">abs</e>
      </input>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">3.1623</e>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
      </result>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="22" left="18" top="432" width="690" height="40" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <text lang="ger">
      <p>Die komplexe Konjugation fehlt als Funktion oder Operator. Abhilfe kann man selbst schaffen:</p>
    </text>
  </region>
  <region id="23" left="18" top="468" width="110" height="52" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z</e>
        <e type="function" args="1">conj</e>
        <e type="operand">z</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">abs</e>
        <e type="operand">2</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">^</e>
        <e type="operand">z</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">/</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
  </region>
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    <text lang="eng">
      <p>The polar form can be used for definition but not for display.</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p>Die Polarform kann nur bei der Definition, nicht jedoch bei der Anzeige benutzt werden.</p>
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      <input>
        <e type="operand">e</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operand">x</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">^</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Re</e>
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    <plot type="2d" render="lines" scale_x="0.531441" scale_y="0.531441" scale_z="0.531441" rotate_x="0" rotate_y="0" rotate_z="0" transpose_x="0" transpose_y="0" transpose_z="0">
      <input>
        <e type="operand">e</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operand">x</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">^</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Im</e>
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  </region>
  <region id="27" left="18" top="666" width="94" height="41" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.2</e>
        <e type="operand">r</e>
        <e type="operand">e</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operand">φ</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">^</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="28" left="18" top="702" width="43" height="24" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">r</e>
        <e type="operand">2</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="29" left="81" top="702" width="65" height="24" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">φ</e>
        <e type="operand">60</e>
        <e type="operand" style="unit">°</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="30" left="162" top="702" width="139" height="32" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.2</e>
      </input>
      <result action="numeric">
        <e type="operand">1</e>
        <e type="operand">1.7321</e>
        <e type="operand">i</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
      </result>
    </math>
  </region>
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    <text lang="eng">
      <p>Animation of the angle</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p>Animation des Phasenwinkels</p>
    </text>
  </region>
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    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">α</e>
        <e type="operand">π</e>
        <e type="operand">20</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">/</e>
        <e type="operand">2</e>
        <e type="operand">π</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="operand">2</e>
        <e type="operand">π</e>
        <e type="operand">20</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">/</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="3">range</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="33" left="18" top="756" width="43" height="24" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">φ</e>
        <e type="operand">t</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
  </region>
  <region id="34" left="198" top="756" width="114" height="34" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <math>
      <input>
        <e type="operand">cz.2</e>
        <e type="operand">z.2</e>
        <e type="function" args="1">conj</e>
        <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
      </input>
    </math>
  </region>
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      <input>
        <e type="operand">z.2</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Re</e>
        <e type="operand">z.2</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Im</e>
        <e type="operand" style="string">.</e>
        <e type="operand">20</e>
        <e type="operand" style="string">red</e>
        <e type="operand">1</e>
        <e type="operand">5</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="7">mat</e>
        <e type="operand">cz.2</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Re</e>
        <e type="operand">cz.2</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">Im</e>
        <e type="operand" style="string">.</e>
        <e type="operand">20</e>
        <e type="operand" style="string">green</e>
        <e type="operand">1</e>
        <e type="operand">5</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="7">mat</e>
        <e type="operand">2</e>
        <e type="operand">1</e>
        <e type="function" preserve="true" args="4">sys</e>
      </input>
    </plot>
  </region>
  <region id="36" left="9" top="1017" width="476" height="56" border="true" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <text lang="eng">
      <p>Survival rule: Never use i as ordinary variable if you handle complex numbers.</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p>Überlebensregel: Verwende niemals i als gewöhnliche Variable, wenn du mit komplexen Zahlen rechnest.</p>
    </text>
  </region>
  <region id="37" top="1071" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff">
    <area collapsed="false">
      <title lang="eng">
        <p>Why?</p>
      </title>
      <title lang="ger">
        <p>Begründung</p>
      </title>
    </area>
    <region id="38" left="9" top="1089" width="623" height="56" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <text lang="eng">
        <p>It is very easy to unintendedly overwrite i, e.g. by use as loop counter.Depending on optimization settings this may lead to incorrect display of complex numbers.</p>
      </text>
      <text lang="ger">
        <p>Es ist sehr einfach, die imaginäre Einheit versehentlich zu überschreiben, beispielsweise indem man i als Schleifenzähler verwendet. Dadurch werden komplexe Zahlen  eventuell nicht mehr richtig angezeigt.</p>
      </text>
    </region>
    <region id="39" left="153" top="1152" width="135" height="58" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <description active="true" position="Top" lang="eng">
          <p>Optimization&gt; Symbolic</p>
        </description>
        <description active="true" position="Top" lang="ger">
          <p>Optimierung&gt; Symbolisch</p>
        </description>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">z.4</e>
          <e type="operand">3</e>
          <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operand">e</e>
          <e type="operand">1</e>
          <e type="operator" args="1">-</e>
          <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">sqrt</e>
          <e type="operand">π</e>
          <e type="operand">3</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">/</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">^</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
        </input>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="40" left="360" top="1152" width="135" height="58" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math optimize="2">
        <description active="true" position="Top" lang="eng">
          <p>Optimization&gt; Numeric</p>
        </description>
        <description active="true" position="Top" lang="ger">
          <p>Optimierung&gt; Numerisch</p>
        </description>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">z.5</e>
          <e type="operand">3</e>
          <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operand">e</e>
          <e type="operand">1</e>
          <e type="operator" args="1">-</e>
          <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">sqrt</e>
          <e type="operand">π</e>
          <e type="operand">3</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">/</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">^</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
        </input>
      </math>
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      </picture>
    </region>
    <region id="43" left="9" top="1323" width="43" height="24" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">i</e>
          <e type="operand">0</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
        </input>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="44" left="153" top="1323" width="178" height="33" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">z.4</e>
        </input>
        <result action="numeric">
          <e type="operand">1.5</e>
          <e type="operand">2.5981</e>
          <e type="operand">i</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
          <e type="bracket">(</e>
          <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        </result>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="45" left="360" top="1323" width="93" height="32" color="#ff0000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">z.5</e>
        </input>
        <result action="numeric">
          <e type="operand">1.5</e>
          <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        </result>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="46" left="486" top="1341" width="70" height="24" color="#ff0000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <text lang="eng">
        <p bold="true">Wrong!</p>
      </text>
      <text lang="ger">
        <p bold="true">Falsch!</p>
      </text>
    </region>
    <region id="47" left="9" top="1359" width="43" height="24" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">i</e>
          <e type="operand">1</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
        </input>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="48" left="153" top="1359" width="178" height="33" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">z.4</e>
        </input>
        <result action="numeric">
          <e type="operand">1.5</e>
          <e type="operand">2.5981</e>
          <e type="operand">i</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
          <e type="bracket">(</e>
          <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        </result>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="49" left="360" top="1359" width="117" height="32" color="#ff0000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">z.5</e>
        </input>
        <result action="numeric">
          <e type="operand">4.0981</e>
          <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        </result>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="50" left="9" top="1395" width="66" height="26" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">i</e>
          <e type="operand">1</e>
          <e type="operator" args="1">-</e>
          <e type="function" preserve="true" args="1">sqrt</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">:</e>
        </input>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="51" left="153" top="1395" width="178" height="33" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">z.4</e>
        </input>
        <result action="numeric">
          <e type="operand">1.5</e>
          <e type="operand">2.5981</e>
          <e type="operand">i</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
          <e type="bracket">(</e>
          <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        </result>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="52" left="360" top="1395" width="178" height="33" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
      <math>
        <input>
          <e type="operand">z.5</e>
        </input>
        <result action="numeric">
          <e type="operand">1.5</e>
          <e type="operand">2.5981</e>
          <e type="operand">i</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">+</e>
          <e type="bracket">(</e>
          <e type="operand" style="unit">m</e>
          <e type="operator" args="2">*</e>
        </result>
      </math>
    </region>
    <region id="53" top="1422" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff">
      <area terminator="true" />
    </region>
  </region>
  <region id="54" left="9" top="1458" width="94" height="24" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <text lang="eng">
      <p href="Mathematik.sm">Mathematics</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p href="Mathematik.sm">Mathematik</p>
    </text>
  </region>
  <region id="55" left="9" top="1476" width="61" height="24" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <text lang="eng">
      <p href="Handbook.sm">Contents</p>
    </text>
    <text lang="ger">
      <p href="Handbook.sm">Inhalt</p>
    </text>
  </region>
  <region id="56" left="9" top="1512" width="188" height="24" color="#000000" bgColor="#ffffff" fontSize="10">
    <text lang="ger">
      <p italic="true">M. Kraska, 2013-06-17 </p>
    </text>
  </region>
</regions>